This book, a pioneering one of its kind, presents the Chittagong Hill Tracts insurgency issue in comprehensive details from origin through to the signing of the historic Peace Accord on 2 December 1997. At independence, Bangladesh inherited an incipient ethnopolitics that had been provoked by the misperceived nation- building policy interventions during the Pakistani rule in the early sixties. Over the years, this ethnopolitics deteriorated into a full-blown insurgency. The government responses to insurgency over the years were a mix of military, developmental and political policy overtures. But until the signing of the Peace Accord resolution of conflict appeared to be an impossibility. Consequently, during these years Bangladesh has had to cope with a multidimensional insurgency that subjected scarce resources of the country to a heavy strain. The Peace Accord, an outcome of an unflinching commitment of the Awami League Government, specially, of the Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina to conflict resolution, has created an opportunity for ushering the war-ravaged region into period of peace, stability and development. The peace achieved through an entirely bilateral process and without any third party facilitation has also improved the international image of Bangladesh. But what has been achieved is only the beginning of a long and difficult journey along a highly tricky road leading towards the destination of ultimate peace. The desired transition from war to peace through a successful implementation of the Peace Accord remains a challenge of enormous magnitude.